Everything about Electromagnetic Force totally explained
In
physics, the
electromagnetic force is the force that the
electromagnetic field exerts on electrically charged particles. It is the electromagnetic force that holds
electrons and protons together in
atoms, and which hold atoms together to make
molecules. The electromagnetic force operates via the exchange of
messenger particles called
photons and
virtual photons. The exchange of messenger particles between bodies acts to create the perceptual force whereby instead of just pushing or pulling particles apart, the exchange changes the character of the particles that swap them.
History
Originally, electricity and magnetism were thought of as two separate forces. This view changed, however, with the publication of
James Clerk Maxwell's 1873
Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in which the interactions of positive and negative charges were shown to be regulated by one force. There are four main effects resulting from these interactions, which have been clearly demonstrated by experiment:
- Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: unlike charges attract, like ones repel.
- Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another in a similar way and always come in pairs: every north pole is yoked to a south pole.
- An electric current in a wire creates a circular magnetic field around the wire, its direction depending on that of the current.
- A current is induced in a loop of wire when it's moved towards or away from a magnetic field, or a magnet is moved towards or away from it, the direction of current depending on that of the movement.
It isn't the electromagnetic force but rather the strong nuclear force that holds together the nucleus of an atom.
Overview
The electromagnetic force is one of the four
fundamental forces. The other fundamental forces are: the
strong nuclear force (which holds quarks together, along with its residual strong force effect that holds
atomic nuclei together to form the nucleus), the
weak nuclear force (which causes certain forms of
radioactive decay), and the
gravitational force. All other forces are ultimately derived from these fundamental forces.
The electromagnetic force is the one responsible for practically all the phenomena one encounters in daily life, with the exception of gravity. Roughly speaking, all the forces involved in interactions between
atoms can be traced to the electromagnetic force acting on the electrically charged
protons and
electrons inside the atoms. This includes the forces we experience in "pushing" or "pulling" ordinary material objects, which come from the
intermolecular forces between the individual
molecules in our bodies and those in the objects. It also includes all forms of
chemical phenomena, which arise from interactions between
electron orbitals.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Electromagnetic Force'.
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